This article is about file handling using C programming language. File stores information for many purposes and retrieve whenever required by our C programs. A file represents a sequence of bytes on the disk where a group of related data is stored. File is created for permanent storage of data. C programming language can handle files as Stream-oriented data (Text) files and System oriented data (Binary) files.
Virtual functions enable redefinition of a base class function in derived classes using the “virtual” keyword. They allow dynamic selection of the appropriate function at runtime based on the object’s actual type.
Any program which uses these five methodologies or any of it, we can call that program object oriented. They are Encapsulation, Data Hiding, Overloading, Polymorphism, Inheritance. Any programming language which supports all of these features and facilitate the programmer in developing the program in these methodologies is called Object Oriented Programming Language i.e. C++, Java, C#.
Multiple Inheritance in C++ is a powerful yet intricate feature that allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors from more than one base class. In traditional single inheritance, a class can have only one immediate parent, but with multiple inheritance, a derived class can inherit from multiple base classes.
While grasping the fundamentals of encapsulation is crucial, delving into advanced concepts and patterns elevates code design and maintainability further in C++. In this article, we will explore sophisticated aspects of encapsulation that go beyond the basics and provides you with a deeper understanding of its applications and impact on software development.
The pointer is a variable which holds the memory address of another variable. If one variable contains the address of another variable, the first variable is said to point to the second. There are two types of pointer operators; * and &. the & is a unary operator that returns the memory address of its operand.
Welcome to the another C++ article where we will uncover the language’s flexibility and power through various data types. In this article, we’ll explore the compounded types such as Enumerated Types, Simple Structures, Very Simple Classes, the intriguing concept of the union and Type Conversions in C++. So, buckle up, aspiring programmers, as we embark on a journey to demystify these essential building blocks of C++.
Container classes are fundamental object-oriented constructs that store and manage collections of objects, helping simplify program structure and promote code reuse
A constructor is a special method that is created when the object is created or defined. This particular method holds the same name as that of the object and it initializes the instance of the object whenever that object is created. The constructor also usually holds the initialization of the different declared member variables of its object.
As opposed to a constructor, a destructor is called when a program has finished using an instance of an object.
In a C program, first step is to initialize the graphics drivers on the computer. This is done using the initgraph() method provided in graphics.h library. In the next few pages we will discuss graphics.h library in more details. Important functions in graphic.h library will be discussed in details and samples programs will be provided to show the power of C programming language especially for graphic programming developing graphical user interfaces.
A pointer is a variable that represents the location of a data item, such as a variable or an array element. Pointers are used frequently in C, as they have a number of useful applications. For example, pointers can be used to pass information back and forth between a function and its reference point. Pointers provide a way to return multiple data items from a function via function arguments to
be specified as arguments to a given function.
