A pointer can be declared to point to another pointer which points to a variable. Here, the first pointer contains the address of the second pointer. The second pointer points to an actual memory location where the data is stored, i.e. a variable. That’s the reason why we also call such pointers as double pointers.
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Generally, the following two statements about char[] and char * in C are considered confusing and understanding the difference between them is important. The first statement puts the literal string “mycplus” in read-only memory and copies the string to newly allocated memory on the stack. The second statement is known as static string allocation and definition.
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In the C Programming Language, the #ifndef directive checks if the given token has been #defined earlier in the C code. If the token has not been defined earlier then it includes the code between #ifndef and #else. If no #else is present then code between ##ifndef and #endif is included.
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In C Programming, ternary operator allows executing different code depending on the value of a condition. The returned value is the result of the expression when the code is executed. The main advantage of using ternary operator is to reduce the number of lines of code and improve the performance of application. In C, the real utility of ternary operator is that it is an expression instead of a statement i.e. you can have it on the right-hand side (RHS) of a statement. So you can write certain code statements more concisely.
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This tutorial covers many topics in VGA programming in the C programming language. Tutorial assumes that the programmers have a comprehensive understanding of C and should also have a familiarity with DOS and BIOS function calls and interrupts. Knowledge of trigonometry and geometry would also be helpful.
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A union in C programming is a user defined data type which may hold members of different sizes and type. Union uses a single memory location to hold more than one variables. However, only one of its members can be accessed at a time and all other members will contain garbage values. A structure is a convenient tool for handling a group of logically related data items. Structure help to organize complex data is a more meaningful way. It is powerful concept that we may after need to use in our program Design.
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C language provides a standard and minimal set of basic data types. Sometimes these are called primitive data types. More complex data structures can be built up from these basic data types. Data types specify how we enter data into our C programs and what type of data we use for different operations. C has some predefined set of data types to handle various kinds of data that we can use in our program.
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This article is about file handling using C programming language. File stores information for many purposes and retrieve whenever required by our C programs. A file represents a sequence of bytes on the disk where a group of related data is stored. File is created for permanent storage of data. C programming language can handle files as Stream-oriented data (Text) files and System oriented data (Binary) files.
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