This tutorial will actually be a continuation of the topics covered in the last tutorial of Virtual Functions but this will be a fuller explanation of what virtual functions are and how they can be used in a program. We will present a simple database program with a virtual function to show how it can be used, then we will go on to illustrate a more complex use...

Sometimes we need to handle limited set of values which can be referred by labels. For example the day of week, year names etc… i.e. enum week{Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat, Sun} thisWeek; This concept in C/C++ is called enumeration. Here thisWeek is the variable of enum type week. Enumerated Types The enumerated type is used in C++ in exactly the same way...

We can say the pointer as a variable which holds the memory address of another variable. If one variable contains the address of another variable, the first variable is said to point to the second. Declaring a Pointer If a variable is holding the address of another variable then we can declare it as var_type *varName; Here var_type is the valid C++ Language data...

The 1998 C++ standard consists of two parts: the core language and the C++ standard library; the latter includes most of the Standard Template Library and a slightly modified version of the C standard library. Many C++ libraries exist which are not part of the standard, such as the Boost library. Also, non-standard libraries written in C can generally be used...

String in C/C++ is not more than a array of characters. String encapsulates the functionality of traversing, replacing, copying of one character array to another. One of the biggest time-wasters in C is using character arrays for string processing: keeping track of the difference between static quoted strings and arrays created on the stack and the heap, and...

Templates are of great utility to programmers in C++, especially when combined with multiple inheritance and operator overloading. The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) provides many useful functions within a framework of connected templates. As the templates in C++ are very expressive they may be used for things other than generic programming. One such use...

Graphics in C Language We will restrict our discussion on Graphics in C Language to 16 bit C programming and MS DOS environment. In a C Program first of all you need to initialize the graphics drivers on the computer. This is done using the initgraph method provided in graphics.h library. In the next few pages we will discuss graphics.h library in details. Important...

Algorithms are at the core of computing. To be able to write an algorithm once and for all to work with any type of sequence makes your programs both simpler and safer. The ability to customize algorithms at runtime has revolutionalized software development. The subset of the standard C++ library known as the Standard Template Library (STL) was originally designed...