An exception usually signals an error. Thought it doesn’t always indicate an eror, it can also signal some particularly unusual even in your program that deserves special attention. Exception & Errors Handling No mater how good our program is, it always have to be able to handle possible errors. Most applications today contain some form of error handling....

Algorithms are at the core of computing. To be able to write an algorithm once and for all to work with any type of sequence makes your programs both simpler and safer. The ability to customize algorithms at runtime has revolutionalized software development. The subset of the standard C++ library known as the Standard Template Library (STL) was originally designed...

What is Operator Overloading Operator Overloading enables us to make the standard operators, like +, -, * etc, to work with the objects of our own data types. So what we do is, write a function which redefines a particular operator so that it performs a specific operation when it is used with the object of a class. Operator overloading does not allow to make...

Graphics in C Language We will restrict our discussion on Graphics in C Language to 16 bit C programming and MS DOS environment. In a C Program first of all you need to initialize the graphics drivers on the computer. This is done using the initgraph method provided in graphics.h library. In the next few pages we will discuss graphics.h library in details. Important...

As opposed to a constructor, a destructor is called when a program has finished using an instance of an object. A destructor does the cleaning behind the scenes. Like the default constructor, the compiler always create a default destructor if you don’t create one. Like the default constructor, a destructor also has the same name as its object. This time,...

A constructor is a special method that is created when the object is created or defined. This particular method holds the same name as that of the object and it initializes the instance of the object whenever that object is created. The constructor also usually holds the initializations of the different declared member variables of its object. Unlike some of...

Exceptions are the way of flagging unexpected conditions or errors that have occured in C++ program. Exception Mechanism so far we have handled error conditions by using the if statement to test some expressions and then executing specific code to deal with the error. C++ Language provides a good mechanism to tacke these conditions. The exception mechanism uses...

The 1998 C++ standard consists of two parts: the core language and the C++ standard library; the latter includes most of the Standard Template Library and a slightly modified version of the C standard library. Many C++ libraries exist which are not part of the standard, such as the Boost library. Also, non-standard libraries written in C can generally be used...